GCT Literature

Recent published research on giant cell tumour of bone, curated from PubMed and updated monthly. Showing 117 publications from January 2025 onwards, organised by topic.

Last updated: 17 February 2026

Denosumab & Medical Therapy 51

Can We Develop a Web-based Nomogram That Could Predict the Risk of Local Recurrence After Treatment for Giant Cell Tumor of Bone of the Extremities by Curettage?

Masunaga Tomoya, Tsukamoto Shinji, Kurakami Hiroyuki, Mavrogenis Andreas F, Honoki Kanya et al. (9 authors)

Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2026-02-11

BACKGROUND: For giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) in the extremities, joint-preserving surgery (curettage) is often favored over en bloc resection to maintain postoperative function, although it carries a notable risk of local recurrence. We decided to develop a nomogram to predict the risk of loca...

β-Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Secreting Giant Cell Tumor of Bone in the Mandible: Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review.

Flores-Hidalgo Andres, Bazrafshan Sholeh, Khosa Hether

Head and neck pathology · 2026-01-13

INTRODUCTION: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare but locally aggressive neoplasm which most commonly arises in the epiphyses of long bones of young adults. Occurrence in the mandible is uncommon, and hormone secreting variants are extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a...

Denosumab combined with curettage after surgical dislocation of the hip in the treatment of giant cell tumors of bone in the femoral head and neck region: a single-center retrospective study.

Li Jimo, Cai Dongfeng, Yang Zhuobin, Zhang Jing, Lv Qi et al. (8 authors)

BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026-01-08

BACKGROUND: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) occurring in the femoral head and neck region presents significant therapeutic challenges due to its complex anatomy and aggressive biological behavior. This study aimed to analyse the clinical outcomes of preoperative denosumab therapy combined with cu...

PD-L1 mRNA expression correlates with tumor growth rate in giant cell tumor of bone: a volumetric MRI analysis.

Lee Youngkeun, Choi Ji-Yoon, Kim Min-Jeong, Seo Sung Wook

BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026-01-05

BACKGROUND: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive neoplasm with variable biological behavior. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been implicated in tumor progression across multiple malignancies, but its relationship to growth kinetics in GCTB remains unclear. This study inve...

Intraoperative MRI for giant cell tumor of bone after denosumab and other selected tumors: A pilot study.

Furuta Taisuke, Sakuda Tomohiko, Adachi Nobuo

Acta radiologica open · 2026-01-01

BACKGROUND: Although intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) is well established in neurosurgery, its role in musculoskeletal oncology remains unclear. PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility and safety of iMRI in bone and soft tissue tumor surgery, focusing on giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB)...

Conversion to Complete, Parenchyma-Sparing Resection after Prolonged Denosumab for Bilateral Multifocal Pulmonary Metastases from Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Case Report.

Omura Seiji, Sasaki Aya, Anazawa Ukei, Eguchi Keisuke

Annals of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery : official journal of the Association of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons of Asia · 2026-01-01

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) rarely metastasizes, but pulmonary lesions pose therapeutic challenges. We report a woman in her 30s who developed multiple bilateral lung nodules 3.5 years after distal ulna GCTB resection and local recurrences. Denosumab 120 mg every 4 weeks was given for 2.5 yea...

What's new on giant cell tumor of bone.

Tsukamoto Shinji, Errani Costantino, Balach Tessa, Zamora Tomas, Ortiz-Cruz Eduardo et al. (14 authors)

SICOT-J · 2026-01-01

When treating extremities affected by giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB), curettage should be performed to preserve the joint as much as possible in order to obtain a good functional outcome. The local recurrence risk is high following curettage, but new techniques are being developed to reduce loca...

Combined Approach (Surgery + Systemic Adjuvant Therapy) in a Giant Cell Tumor of Proximal Femur: A Rare Case Report.

Mohandas Prithvi, Magadum Sunil D, Manickavasagam M

Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026-01-01

INTRODUCTION: Giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive benign tumor involving the ends of the long bones seen in the second or third decade of life, more commonly in women. Even though it is benign, it has a potential for malignant transformation in 10% of cases and metastasis ...

Clinical Outcomes of Different Surgical Methods for Campanacci Grade III and Recurrent Giant Cell Tumors of the Distal Radius.

Wang Anqi, Hu Jinxin, Luo Tianqi, Tang Qinglian, Wang Jin et al. (6 authors)

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons · 2026-01-01

BACKGROUND: Campanacci grade III and recurrent giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the distal radius are aggressive, but treatments are scare, and universally accepted surgical strategy has not been established. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of different surgical methods ...

Soft tissue recurrence in giant cell tumor of bone: Risk factors and radiological and histopathological features.

Mirioğlu Akif, Dalkır Kaan Ali, Ölke Hakkı Can, Kundakçı Buğra, Bağır Melih et al. (7 authors)

Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica · 2025-12-31

OBJECTIVE: Giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive benign tumor with unpredictable recurrence patterns. While intraos seous recurrences are well-documented, soft tissue recurrence (STR) remains underrecognized. This study aimed to identify risk factors, radiographic features, ...

Efficacy and safety of curettage with bone grafting combined with denosumab in the treatment of distal radius giant cell tumor of bone.

Yang Hailiang, Li Shuai, Zhang Yongtao, Wu Shanshan

Medicine · 2025-12-12

This retrospective cohort study evaluated the efficacy and safety of combining denosumab with curettage and bone grafting for distal radius giant cell tumor of bone. Patients treated between January 2020 and June 2023 were included if aged ≥18 years with histopathologically confirmed distal radiu...

Malignant and metastatic giant cell tumors of bone; clinical course of primary or secondary malignant and pulmonary metastatic variants.

Verspoor Floortje G M, Krebbekx Gitte G J, Duivenvoorden Mylene J C, Sumathi Vaiyapuri, Evans Scott

Journal of bone oncology · 2025-12-01

AIMS: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare, locally aggressive, intermediate-grade neoplasm. While typically benign, GCTB can exhibit atypical behavior, including indolent pulmonary metastases and malignant transformation. This study characterizes malignant and metastatic GCTB, distinguishin...

Soft tissue recurrence in giant cell tumor of Bone: A comprehensive review of pathogenesis, imaging features, and clinical management.

Jamshidi Khodamorad, Naghizadeh Hamed, Saberi Sadegh, Rahimi Farshad Zand, Arabzadeh Aidin et al. (6 authors)

Journal of bone oncology · 2025-12-01

BACKGROUND: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a benign but locally aggressive neoplasm with a high risk of recurrence. Among its patterns of relapse, soft-tissue recurrence (STR) is an uncommon but clinically significant entity, often presenting as ossified or non-ossified perilesional nodules. ...

Pharmacological Intervention for Refractory Biofilm Infection After Hemipelvic Replacement Surgery: Multidisciplinary Management of a Case of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone.

Huang Liling, Wang Linyu, Nong Hao, Liu Bin, Li Yan

The American journal of case reports · 2025-11-26

BACKGROUND Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a potentially catastrophic complication after orthopedic surgery. Biofilm formation and infection with multidrug-resistant pathogens significantly increase the difficulty of achieving successful treatment. CASE REPORT A 36-year-old woman presente...

Periacetabular Resection for Bone Tumors: Is There Still a Role for Massive Allograft-prosthesis Composite Reconstructions?

Scanferla Roberto, Rajan Sreeraj, Scolari Federico, Maccauro Luigi, Muratori Francesco et al. (8 authors)

Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2025-11-25

BACKGROUND: Allograft-prosthesis composite reconstruction after periacetabular resections allows for bony union and internal repair, restoring bone stock for further revisions; the allograft-prosthesis composite can be shaped according to the pelvic resection to reconstruct the complex bone anato...

Preoperative administration of denosumab is a feasible adjuvant option for the treatment of resectable giant cell tumor of bone in the spine: A multi-institutional study by the Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology group.

Morii Takeshi, Asano Naofumi, Nakayama Robert, Kimura Hiroaki, Endo Makoto et al. (18 authors)

Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association · 2025-11-18

BACKGROUND: Although the significance of preoperative denosumab administration for giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is still controversial, sporadic reports have suggested a clinical benefit of administration prior to surgery for spinal GCTB. In this retrospective, multi-institutional study, we as...

JMT103 versus Non-Denosumab or Denosumab Treatment in Chinese Patients with Unresectable or Surgically Challenging Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Propensity Score-Matched Comparison.

Xu Hairong, Zhou Yong, Wei Feng, Ding Yi, Shan Huachao et al. (19 authors)

Cancer medicine · 2025-11-01

BACKGROUND: Giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) are RANK/RANK-ligand positive, progressive osteolytic tumors. There was no medical treatment for GCTB based on efficacy and safety data from Chinese patients. A single-arm, phase II study demonstrated the promising efficacy of JMT103 in unresectable or...

Prognostic Significance of the Density and Spatial Distribution of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Giant Cell Tumor of Bone and Their Association With Denosumab Treatment Responsiveness.

Yang Yi-Fan, Liu Jing-Ru, Han Ying-Song, Zhu Guo-Qiang, Niu Hua-Qing et al. (12 authors)

MedComm · 2025-11-01

Given the lack of reliable indicators for predicting prognosis and treatment response in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) patients, this study aimed to identify new prognostic factors by analyzing the effect of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) on prognosis and denosumab treatment responsiveness...

Clinical Audit of Denosumab Biosimilar for Aggressive GCT of Bone: A Tertiary Care Center Retrospective Analysis.

Singh Rajesh B, Jagannathan Saravana K, Vineet Kumar

South Asian journal of cancer · 2025-10-01

OBJECTIVES: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive tumor with a high recurrence rate. Using denosumab or its biosimilar in a neoadjuvant setting can facilitate limb-preserving surgery and reduce recurrence rates, with minimal side effects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this clinical a...

Remarkable response to anti-PD-L1 blockade in relapsed and refractory metastatic malignant giant cell tumor of bone: a case report.

Wu Jerry T, Imamura Jarrell, Nowak Elizabeth, Leng Jessica, Reith John et al. (8 authors)

Immunotherapy · 2025-10-01

CASE: A 40-year-old man presented with malignant giant cell tumor of bone of the left distal femur. Despite distal femur resection/replacement and adjuvant chemotherapy, he experienced local recurrence and lung metastases. Salvage radiation therapy was ineffective. Biopsy of the tumor showed a PD...

Biomarkers and therapeutic targets in giant cell tumor of bone: A comprehensive review.

Knechtova Veronika, Mahdal Michal, Zambo Iva Staniczkova, Skoda Jan, Neradil Jakub

Bone · 2025-10-01

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is an intermediate locally aggressive osteolytic tumor with low metastatic potential and a high recurrence rate. It comprises two main types of cells-neoplastic mononuclear stromal cells and osteoclast-like giant cells-which are responsible for the resorption of bo...

Skip Lesion in Distal Femur with Recurrent Giant Cell Tumor of the Proximal Femur: A Very Rare Case Managed with Excision, Megaprosthesis Reconstruction, and Bone Cement Curettage.

Rana Rajesh, Patel Amlan, Patro Sibasish, Mohapatra Nirmal Ch, Panda Siddharth et al. (6 authors)

Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2025-10-01

INTRODUCTION: Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a benign but locally aggressive tumor, commonly affecting the epiphysis of long bones in young adults. Skip lesions in GCT - defined as discontinuous tumor foci within the same bone - are exceedingly rare, particularly in the appendicular skeleton. ...

Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Study of Clinical, Pathological, and Prognostic Profile from One Single Center.

Shi Jingtian, Sun Xin, Wang Jichuan, Liang Haijie, Liu Xingyu et al. (8 authors)

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025-08-25

Malignant giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare malignant bone tumor. This analysis was conducted on patients with malignant GCTB at our center. The clinical, demographic, and prognostic characteristics were evaluated and compared. During 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2022, fifty patients wer...

Keratin Positive Giant Cell Rich Tumor of the Pelvic Bone with a

Geuens Lise, Sciot Raf, Vanden Bempt Isabelle, Douchy Thomas, Sinnaeve Friedl et al. (6 authors)

International journal of surgical pathology · 2025-08-01

Keratin positive giant cell rich tumor is a rare mesenchymal tumor first described in 2020. It can occur in both soft tissue and bone and predominantly affects young women. The tumor's biological behavior remains uncertain despite its low-grade classification. Characterized by keratin expression ...

Radical resection of a giant cell tumor of the distal ulna and reconstruction with a 3D-printed distal ulnar prosthesis: A case report.

Wang Lifu, Yang Chuanle, Gao Zhixiang, Zhang Shaoyun, Zheng Xiaofeng et al. (7 authors)

Medicine · 2025-07-18

RATIONALE: Giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the distal ulna are rare. Despite their benign nature, these tumors can exhibit local aggressiveness and have the potential to recur after undergoing conventional treatment involving curettage and bone grafting. For aggressive GCTs, radical resection is more...

Giant cell tumor of the thoracic spine: An unusual cause for spinal cord compression.

Gader Ghassen, Attig Fatma Ben, Mansour Wiem, Slimane Abdelhafidh, Bourgou Malek et al. (7 authors)

Radiology case reports · 2025-07-01

Giant cell tumors (GCTs) of bone are uncommon neoplasms, typically located in the metaphysis of long bones, with rare occurrences in the spine, especially in the thoracic region. We report the case of a 34-year-old woman with a history of psoriasis and celiac disease, who presented with progressi...

Which Clinical Factors Are Associated with the Post-Denosumab Size Reduction of Giant Cell Tumors? The Korean Society of Spinal Tumor (KSST) Multicenter Study 2023-02.

Joo Min Wook, Park Se-Jun, Kim Wanlim, Kim Yongsung, Cho Jae Hwan et al. (9 authors)

Cancers · 2025-06-24

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Denosumab has been considered effective for downstaging giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB), implying that it lowers the Campanacci grade rather than reducing tumor size. Preoperative tumor shrinkage holds therapeutic value by decreasing surgical complications. While previous s...

Denosumab treatment of giant cell tumors in the spine induces woven bone formation.

Birch Robyn, Eltit Felipe, Xie Dennis, Wang Qiong, Dea Nicolas et al. (10 authors)

JBMR plus · 2025-06-01

Giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) are rare but aggressive, locally destructive tumors. They typically affect young people, significantly reducing their quality of life and increasing mortality rates. Giant cell tumors of bone are composed of osteoclast-like giant cells that respond to increased se...

Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Bone: A Clinicopathologic Series of 28 Cases Highlighting Genetic Differences Compared With Conventional, Atypical, and Metastasizing Conventional Tumors.

Papke David J, Kovacs S Krisztian, Odintsov Igor, Hornick Jason L, Raskin Kevin A et al. (10 authors)

The American journal of surgical pathology · 2025-06-01

Giant cell tumors of bone are locally aggressive, frequently harbor H3F3A p.G34W mutations, and rarely undergo malignant transformation. The pathogenesis of malignant transformation remains incompletely characterized. Herein, we present 28 malignant giant cell tumors of bone from 14 males and 14 ...

Exploring Denosumab in the Treatment of Giant Cell Tumors: Clinical Evidence and Controversies.

Brochu Baylee M, Mirsky Nicholas A, Nayak Vasudev Vivekanand, Witek Lukasz, Thaller Seth R et al. (7 authors)

The Journal of craniofacial surgery · 2025-06-01

Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are benign but locally aggressive bone neoplasms that primarily affect skeletally mature individuals. They are characterized by a tendency for recurrence and being associated with significant morbidity. Traditional treatment has focused on surgical resection; however, the...

[Update of the recommendations for the management and treatment of giant cell bone tumors, on behalf of GroupOS].

Boudou-Rouquette Pascaline, Larousserie Frédérique, Dumaine Valérie, Gomez-Mascard Anne, Bousson Valérie et al. (11 authors)

Bulletin du cancer · 2025-06-01

INTRODUCTION: Giant cell tumours (GCTs) are benign primary bone tumours that frequently present with local recurrence and occasionally malignant transformation to high-grade sarcoma. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment and generally consists of intralesional curettage. Denosumab was approved by ...

Spinal giant cell tumour presenting as a posterior mediastinal mass.

Vijay Balaji K, Gopal Durgeshwar, Pawan Kumar Garg, Rao Meenakshi

BMJ case reports · 2025-05-16

Posterior mediastinal masses frequently originate from neurogenic tumours; however, other possible causes include vascular abnormalities, cysts and primary bone tumours. We present a case involving a man in his 20s who experienced back pain, sudden sensorimotor weakness in both lower limbs and lo...

A Multicenter Study by the DENO Research Group on the Use of Denosumab in Giant-Cell Tumors of the Bone.

Deno Research Group, Calva Carolina de la, Angulo Manuel, González-Rojo Paula, Peiró Ana et al. (21 authors)

Journal of clinical medicine · 2025-05-07

Background/Objectives: Despite the therapeutic potential of denosumab for the treatment of giant-cell tumors of the bone (GCTBs), there is a lack of standardization in treatment protocols. Methods: We present a multicenter, retrospective, descriptive study conducted across the seven hospitals in ...

Surgical and radiological outcomes of giant cell tumor of the bone: prognostic value of Campanacci grading and selective use of denosumab.

Igrec Jasminka, Jernej Lisa, Smolle Maria Anna, Steiner Jakob, Scheipl Susanne et al. (8 authors)

Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2025-05-03

BACKGROUND: Advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) have introduced molecular and radiological tools that refine clinical decision-making. H3.3 G34W immunohistochemical staining has become a routine diagnostic marker, while H3F3A mutational analy...

Denosumab Enhances Antitumor Immunity by Suppressing SPP1 and Boosting Cytotoxic T Cells.

Su Zezhuo, Yeung Maximus Chun Fai, Han Shan, Yau Raymond Ching Hing, Lam Ying Lee et al. (14 authors)

Cancer immunology research · 2025-05-02

Denosumab, a RANK ligand inhibitor, is primarily used to prevent osteoclastogenesis in the treatment of conditions such as osteoporosis, bone metastasis, and giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). RANK ligand also plays an important role in immunity by activating NF-κB and its target genes, including t...

Treatment of Extraosseous Giant Cell Tumor of Bone and Calcitriol-Mediated Hypercalcemia With Denosumab in Paget Disease.

Magvanjav Oyunbileg, Bergwitz Clemens

JCEM case reports · 2025-04-01

Extraosseous giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) associated with Paget disease of bone (PDB) is rare. We report a patient aged in their 70s with polyostotic PDB involving the skull, spine, and pelvis, previously treated with bisphosphonates, who presented with symptomatic hypercalcemia (calcium 14.8 ...

Comparative analysis of aggressiveness in giant cell tumor of bone between upper and lower extremities: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Saputra Rhyan Darma, Kusuma Dita Anggara, Kaldani Fathih, Fahmi Khoirul

Journal of bone oncology · 2025-04-01

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is among the most prevalent benign primary bone tumors, characterized by its potential for aggressive local recurrence, soft tissue invasion, and, though rare, lung metastasis. Emerging evidence suggests unique behavioral patterns of GCTB ...

Giant Cell Tumor of the Rib: A Report of Two Patients.

Pena-Burgos Eva Manuela, Romio De Las Heras Estefanía, Bernabéu Daniel, Iglesias-Urraca Carmen, Reguero Callejas María Eugenia et al. (6 authors)

International journal of surgical pathology · 2025-04-01

Giant cell tumor of the bone is a locally aggressive and rarely metastasizing tumor that typically affects the ends of long bones. Less than 1% of giant cell tumor of bone occur in the ribs. Our patients were a 32-year-old woman and a 45-year-old man and were detected following chest traumas. No ...

Denosumab regimens in the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Barreto Bruno G, Santili Claudio, Guedes Alex, Moreira Fernando D, Paz Claudio Luiz Dsl

World journal of orthopedics · 2025-03-18

BACKGROUND: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare, locally aggressive neoplasm that should be treated surgically, whenever possible. This treatment approach may be linked with greater morbidity besides functional impairment. Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody. Its administration inhibit...

Primary Malignant Giant Cell Tumor of Bone with Metastasis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Aboaid Hazem, deVries John A, Gollard Russell

Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2025-03-01

INTRODUCTION: Malignant giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a very rare tumor, especially the primary type of it. We report a case of a young female who was diagnosed with a primary malignant giant cell tumor, in addition to a literature review of the previously reported cases. This case report ai...

[Combined Proximal Radius Reconstruction Following Resection for Oncological Indication].

Malina Mário, Majerčík Matej, Naser Yousef

Acta chirurgiae orthopaedicae et traumatologiae Cechoslovaca · 2025-03-01

Early surgical treatment of giant cell tumour of the bone has very good functional outcomes with a relatively low risk of local recurrence and metastatic spread.In case of a pathologic fracture, extraosseous extension, and tumor location in an anatomically difficult area, surgical treatment may r...

Preoperative denosumab combined with microwave ablation for joint preservation in advanced giant cell tumor of bone: a retrospective study.

Zheng Chuanxi, Zhou Xiayi, Xu Gang, Qiu Jin, Lan Tao et al. (7 authors)

Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025-02-18

BACKGROUND: Preoperative denosumab has been an essential part of the management of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) which enhanced subchondral bone integrity and facilitated joint preservation surgery. However, evidence suggests that denosumab-induced sclerotic changes may potentially increase the...

A Rare Pediatric Giant Cell Tumor of the Clivus Bone, H3.3 p.Gly35Trp-mutated: Case Report and Mini-review of the Literature.

Gaggero Gabriele, Battaglia Teresa, Andreotti Virginia, Rossi Andrea, Ingaliso Marta et al. (9 authors)

Turkish archives of pediatrics · 2025-01-02

Introduction: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare, typically benign neoplasm that primarily affects long bones in adults, with clival involvement being extremely rare, particularly in pediatric cases: a mini-review shows a total of 28 described cases, of which only 5 were truly pediatric (w...

Metachronous multicentric giant cell tumor of bone treated with denosumab and mega-prosthesis revision: a rare case report.

Lin Huaitai, Yang Chanping, Zhu Jinhao, Yang Chenyu, Xu Zijian et al. (8 authors)

Frontiers in oncology · 2025-01-01

INTRODUCTION: Multicentric giant cell tumor of bone is extremely rare, accounting for less than 1% of all giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) cases. Metachronous multicentric GCTB is even rarer. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a rare case of metachronous multicentric giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) in ...

Excellent Results in the Off-Label Use of Denosumab in Pediatric Oncology: Monocentric Case Series Study.

Battaglia Teresa, Nebiolo Marta, Conte Massimo, Livellara Virginia, Piatelli Gianluca et al. (11 authors)

Case reports in pediatrics · 2025-01-01

Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2013 for use in adults with inoperable giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). In children, it is used as an off-label drug in some giant cell-rich tumors of bone (GCRTB) and giant cell granuloma (GCG). The aim of t...

Pediatric Giant-Cell Tumor of Bone With Secondary Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Causing Orbital Apex Syndrome.

Ploeger Caroline G, Carvalho Soares Valentim Carolina, Guner Mehmet Eren

Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus · 2025-01-01

Giant-cell tumors of bone (GCTBs) are benign, expansile lesions usually found in the long bones of young adults. The authors report a pediatric skull base GCTB causing cranial nerve deficits and vision loss. The patient presented with blurry vision, left eye misalignment, headaches, nausea, and v...

Beta-Catenin Positive Giant Cell Tumor of Bone with Pathological Fracture Treated with Neoadjuvant Denosumab Therapy for Visualizing Extraskeletal Lesions.

Ogawa Itaru, Kaneuchi Yoichi, Hakozaki Michiyuki, Sato Shunsuke, Suzuki Takeo et al. (9 authors)

Case reports in oncology · 2025-01-01

INTRODUCTION: Giant cell tumors of bone (GCTBs) are locally aggressive tumors that can induce pathological fractures. Previous reports suggest that denosumab induces intratumoral ossification in β-catenin positive GCTB. However, its effect on the complete resection of GCTB with extraskeletal lesi...

30 YEARS OF BONE GIANT CELL TUMOR IN THE KNEE: A BRAZILIAN PERSPECTIVE.

Rodrigues Eduardo da Silva, Ghert Michelle, Antunes Bruno Pereira, Galia Carlos Roberto, Pestilho Julie Francine Cerutti Santos et al. (11 authors)

Acta ortopedica brasileira · 2025-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the evolution of patient/tumor characteristics and treatments for GCTB in the knee in Brazil over 30 years and assess changes in local recurrence rates. METHODS: Retrospective study of 335 patients (1989-2021) from 16 Brazilian centers. Data on patient/tumor characteristics,...

Do Unresectable Giant Cell Tumors of Bone Treated With Denosumab Progress After Discontinuation of Treatment?

de la Calva Carolina, Angulo Manuel, González-Rojo Paula, Peiró Ana, Machado Pau et al. (20 authors)

Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025-01-01

BACKGROUND: Denosumab represents a valuable treatment option for unresectable giant cell tumors of the bone (GCTBs). However, no standardized protocols exist determining the length of administration, with few studies having been published on patients who reached the end of treatment. AIMS: To ana...

[Progress in the treatment of giant cell tumors of extremities with pathological fracture].

Yao W H, Fan D Y, Jiang X Y, Liu W F

Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery] · 2025-01-01

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a common locally aggressive junctional primary bone tumor, whose clinical treatment becomes more difficult once combined with pathological fracture. Extended curettage and en-bloc resection are common surgical procedures for treating GCTB, and drugs such as rece...

Management and surveillance of metastatic giant cell tumour of bone.

Fellows David, Kotowska Julia, Stevenson Thomas, Brown Jennifer, Orosz Zsolt et al. (9 authors)

Pathology oncology research : POR · 2025-01-01

Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is viewed as a benign, locally aggressive primary bone tumour with metastatic potential. Current management is surgery with bone curettage or resection and systemic therapy with denosumab. Diagnosis is confirmed histologically prior to surgery, with staging for pu...

Surgery & Reconstruction 14

Descriptive analysis of primary intermediate and benign spine tumors: A retrospective study using the Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor Registry in Japan.

Tsuchiya Ryuto, Ogura Koichi, Ohtori Seiji, Kawai Akira

Journal of orthopaedic science : official journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association · 2026-01-22

BACKGROUND: Primary spine tumors are rare but can cause pain and neurological symptoms, occasionally requiring surgery. Previous national database studies have primarily focused on malignant spine tumors; however, data on primary intermediate spine tumors (PISTs) and primary benign spine tumors (...

Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals the Immunosuppressive Trajectory in the Tumor Microenvironment of Human Giant Cell Tumor of Bone.

Liu Yiming, Luo Wei, Xu Yude, Yao Xiguan, Dai Libing et al. (12 authors)

BioMed research international · 2026-01-01

BACKGROUND: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) presents considerable complexity in tumor microenvironment (TME) because of its intricate intercellular heterogeneity and the presence of an immunosuppressive milieu. In order to understand the complex gene expression patterns and cell interactions in G...

One stage custom made 3D vascularized bone reconstruction by free fibula transfert for large radiocarpal defect after wide gigantic cell tumor resection.

Saraoui W, Ivin S, Letissier H, Dumontier C, Hu W et al. (6 authors)

Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthetique · 2026-01-01

INTRODUCTION: Bone gigantic cell tumours (BGCTs) are locally aggressive benign tumours, which can lead to significant functional impairment due to extensive bone destruction and soft tissue invasion and typically occur in the meta-epiphyseal region of long bones with the distal radius being the t...

What Are the Long-term Outcomes of Wrist Arthrodesis Using Structural Iliac Bone Graft After Resection of the Distal Radius for Giant Cell Tumor of Bone? A Minimum 10-year Follow-up.

Li Zhuoyu, Fan Daoyang, Deng Zhiping, Yang Yongkun, Wang Tao et al. (9 authors)

Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2025-11-04

BACKGROUND: Most distal radial giant cell tumors are treated with curettage, whereas malignancies and very advanced giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) may be treated with resection. Wide resection can achieve good local control, but no consensus has been obtained on the optimal reconstruction method...

Is Ipsilateral Femoral Head Autograft Reconstruction Durable in Patients Undergoing Enneking II/II+III Tumor Resections at a Minimum 5-year Follow-up?

Li Zhuoyu, Fan Daoyang, Jin Tao, Sun Yang, Li Yuan et al. (8 authors)

Clinical orthopaedics and related research · 2025-10-13

BACKGROUND: The reconstruction options for Enneking II/II+III pelvic tumors-defined as periacetabular tumor with or without involving the pubis or ischium-remain controversial. Short-term outcomes of ipsilateral femoral head autograft for the reconstruction of acetabular defects have been reporte...

Trauma Revealing a Tumour: A Case Report.

Zhou Allan, Liegeois Claire, Zainal Abidin Suraya, Omar Eunizar

Cureus · 2025-07-01

A 25-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with acute left knee pain and swelling after a fall. He had been experiencing left knee pain for several months. Examination revealed a swollen left knee held in a flexed position with limitation in range of motion. Plain radiograph...

Vascularized Proximal Fibula Transfer to Distal Radius: Reconstruction of Large Bone Defects Including DRUJ Stabilization After Giant Cell Tumor Excision.

Burlage Laura C, Duraku Liron, Stewart David

Techniques in hand & upper extremity surgery · 2025-06-01

In this article, a new modification technique is described to reconstruct large bone defects of the distal radius after en bloc giant cell tumor resection with a proximal vascularized fibula graft. We discuss anatomic landmarks during graft harvest as well as reconstructive considerations. We aim...

Iliac crest graft reconstruction for giant cell tumour of the distal phalanx: A case report.

Sivakumar Brahman S, Houegban Amoussou S C R, Leclercq Caroline

Hand surgery & rehabilitation · 2025-06-01

Giant cell tumours of bone are exceedingly rare in the distal phalanx of the thumb and pose therapeutic challenges when found in this location. We present a case of a giant cell tumour in this region, and a novel method of reconstruction to maintain length and function. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5.

Investigating the Challenges in Diagnosis and Management of Giant Cell Tumors in the Distal Phalanx: A Case Report.

DeFrancisis Jason S, Rosenthal Oren D, Whitford Theodore C

Cureus · 2025-03-01

Giant cell tumors (GCTs) of bone are locally aggressive neoplasms that typically occur in the distal femur or proximal tibia. Infrequently, they may develop in the bones of the hand, including the distal phalanx. This case highlights the importance of a thorough and systematic diagnostic workup o...

Long-term follow-up of chronic osteomyelitis after bone tumor resection.

Kimura Hiroaki, Aiba Hisaki, Saito Shiro, Sakai Takao, Murakami Hideki

Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy · 2025-03-01

The standard treatment for chronic osteomyelitis after trauma is affected bone resection and bone and soft tissue defect reconstruction. However, few reports exist regarding chronic osteomyelitis after bone tumor surgery. We retrospectively reviewed five cases of chronic infection after bone tumo...

Vascularized fibular grafting following tumor resection demonstrates acceptable long-term outcomes in Denmark: a national retrospective cohort study.

Nielsen Christian Lind, Dybdal Daniel Thor Halberg, Vester-Glowinski Peter, Hjalgrim Lisa Lyngsie, Wendtland Pernille Edslev et al. (9 authors)

Acta orthopaedica · 2025-01-13

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Vascularized fibular grafting following tumor resection is an essential treatment option in limb salvage surgery. We aimed to evaluate: (I) bone healing, (II) complications and reoperations, (III) limb salvage, and (IV) survival. METHODS: We present a retrospective evaluat...

99mTc/Tricine/HYNIC ubiquicidin 29-41 uptake in a giant cell tumor of the hallux: insights into the importance of time-activity curve analysis for accurate scan interpretation.

Ataei Nakhaei Saeedeh, Saber Tanha Amin, Aryana Kamran, Raeisi Nasrin, Barashki Somaye

Nuclear medicine review. Central & Eastern Europe · 2025-01-01

A 37-year-old man presented with swelling and erythema in the left first toe after a prior trauma, suspicious for osteomyelitis. X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scans revealed a radiolucent lesion with cortical disruption. A 99mTc/tricine/HYNIC ubiquicidin 29-41 (UBI) scintigraphy showed incre...

Unusual Presentation of Metachronous Multicentric Giant Cell Tumor of Forearm Bones with Literature Review.

Goyal Lavanya, Kataria Arihant, Gupta Swati, Arora Prerna, Arora Sumit et al. (6 authors)

JBJS case connector · 2025-01-01

CASE: We present an unusual case of metachronous multicentric giant cell tumor (GCT) of forearm bones in a 38-year-old male patient with an 8-year follow-up. The diagnosis was established by imaging and histopathology. He underwent multiple surgeries with extraperiosteal resection of lesions with...

Recurrence & Metastasis 32

Clinical Features and Management Outcomes of Temporal Bone Giant Cell Tumors: A Multi-case Analysis.

Xue Songbo, Sun Huiying, Tian Xu, Zhao Yang, Gao Zhiqiang et al. (6 authors)

Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology · 2026-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical presentation, surgical strategies, and outcomes in patients diagnosed with temporal bone giant cell tumors based on long-term follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Single-institutional. PATIENTS: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 7 p...

Giant cell tumor of bone of the skull mimicking multicentric giant cell tumor of bone revealed after dental consultation.

Fujita Mariko, Indo Hiroko, Abe Hiroshi, Hagimoto Aya, Kirishima Mari et al. (8 authors)

Oral radiology · 2025-12-15

Giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) is a benign osseous neoplasm that primarily occurs in the epiphyses. Approximately 2% of GCTBs occur in the head and neck regions. Herein, we report a rare case of GCTB in the skull, which was discovered during a dental consultation. The patient was a 74-year-o...

Recurrent Giant Cell Tumor of the Carpal Bones in an Adult Male Managed by En-bloc Excision, Extended Curettage, Bone Grafting, and all-Kirschner Wire Fixation: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review.

Govindharaaju Ramesh, Chettiar K Kumaran, Selvam Hariharan, Mammu Sharafuddeen, Rajan Jerin P

Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2025-12-01

INTRODUCTION: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a benign but locally aggressive lesion, rarely affecting the carpus (<2% of hand GCTs), and is associated with recurrence rates up to 87%. Management of carpal GCT is challenging due to the limited bone volume, risk of damage to articular cartilage...

Surgical approaches for the treatment of giant cell tumor of bone in Tunisian patients: association with recurrence.

Amri Raja, Ayedi Mariam, Aifa Sami, Keskes Hassib

The Libyan journal of medicine &middot; 2025-12-01

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is generally considered a benign tumor, but it can exhibit locally aggressive behavior. The two main surgical treatment options for GCTB are intralesional curettage and en-bloc resection. This study examined the long-term GCTB recurrence rates among Tunisian patien...

Reconstruction of the distal radius using ulnar translocation with ulnoscapholunate arthrodesis after giant cell tumour resection.

Jamshidi Khodamorad, Bagherifard Abolfazl, Khabiri Seyyed Saeed, Mirzaei Alireza

The Journal of hand surgery, European volume &middot; 2025-12-01

We evaluated the outcomes of ulnar translocation with T-locking plate fixation and ulnoscapholunate arthrodesis after distal radius resection for giant cell tumours. Eighteen patients (median age 33 years) were included, with a median follow-up of 72 months. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumour Societ...

Ulnar translocation and wrist fusion in the management of giant cell tumour of the distal radius: an evaluation of three fixation methods.

Agrawal Alok Chandra, Sakale Harshal, Verma Rishabh, Banerjee Somok

BMJ case reports &middot; 2025-11-23

Giant cell tumour (GCT) is a benign but locally aggressive bone tumour that affects the epiphyseal regions of long bones, with the distal radius involved in about 10% of cases. Treatment aims to completely remove the tumour, prevent recurrence and restore normal wrist and forearm function. Howeve...

Identification of TRACP 5b as a local recurrence biomarker in giant cell tumor of bone.

Toda Yu, Ogura Koichi, Iwata Shintaro, Kobayashi Eisuke, Osaki Shuhei et al. (7 authors)

Surgical oncology &middot; 2025-11-19

BACKGROUND: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) has a high potential for local recurrence after surgical treatment. It is characterized by the histological proliferation of osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) is a reliable serum marker of bone ...

Extended Reconstruction of the Right Forearm as Treatment for a Giant Cell Tumor With the Combined Use of a Free Fibular Flap and a Pedicled Inguinal Flap.

Dorantes-Millan Guillermo Sergio, Banegas Ruiz Rodrigo, López Contreras Ana Claudia, Covarrubias Rodríguez Jesús Rigoberto, Elnecave Olaiz Alejandro et al. (7 authors)

Cureus &middot; 2025-10-01

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a benign neoplasm with aggressive behavior, predominantly affecting young adults. In the majority of these lesions, curettage is the treatment of choice; however, those classified as Campanacci grade III typically require extensive surgical resection, resulting ...

Evaluating Extended Curettage and Adjuvant Therapy Against Wide Resection and Reconstruction in the Management of Distal Radius Giant Cell Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Seth Ishith, Bulloch Gabriella, Lim Bryan, Xie Yi, Seth Nimish et al. (7 authors)

Hand (New York, N.Y.) &middot; 2025-10-01

BACKGROUND: The management of distal radius giant cell tumors (GCTs) remains challenging, and the optimal approach is still a matter of debate. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the outcomes of extended curettage and wide resection, the mainstays of treatment. METHODS: Med...

Curettage and Artificial Bone Graft Using Chevron Osteotomy for Bone Tumor of the Talus: A Report of Three Cases.

Yoshikawa Yoshiro, Oshiro Hiromichi, Miyashi Yuta, Tome Yasunori, Nishida Kotaro

Cureus &middot; 2025-09-01

Primary talar bone tumors are rare. Surgical intervention on talar bone tumors is often challenging, even though most lesions are benign. Due to its unique anatomical and biomechanical characteristics, this surgical approach requires careful consideration. Although most benign talar tumors can be...

[Demographical characteristics and surgical treatment outcomes of giant cell tumor of bone at the Department of Orthopedics at Semmelweis University].

Sükösd Ákos, Moghaddam Amin Maysam, Perlaky Tamás, Szalay Krisztián, Drajkó Balázs et al. (8 authors)

Orvosi hetilap &middot; 2025-08-17

Introduction: Giant cell tumor of bone is accountable for 5–9% of primary bone tumors and is usually characterized by intermediate dignity and high recurrence rate. Numerous adjuvant procedures have been presented in the literature, however, their efficiency remains controversial, often due to lo...

An Innovative Reconstruction Technique for Proximal Tibia Grade 3 Giant Cell Tumor: The Sky Roof Reconstruction Approach.

Kumar Yadav Sandeep, Prakash VImal, Kumar Rajnish Rajesh, Kantiwal Prabodh, Elhence Abhay

Cureus &middot; 2025-08-01

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of the bone, although benign, demonstrates local aggressiveness, a potential for recurrence, and, in rare instances, malignant transformation. Functional preservation is crucial in cases involving the articular surface, often utilizing the Sandwich Technique. We propose an ...

Campanacci Grade 2 or 3 Giant Cell Tumor of the Phalanges: En Bloc Resection and Matched Nonvascularized Toe Phalangeal Transfer.

Thomas Binu Prathap, Raveendran Sreekanth, Pallapati Samuel Cr, Sasi P Kiran

The Journal of hand surgery &middot; 2025-08-01

PURPOSE: The goal of the study was to assess the result of en bloc resection and matched nonvascularized toe phalangeal transfer in Campanacci grade 2 or 3 giant cell tumors of the phalanges. METHODS: Seven patients with Campanacci grade 2 and 3 phalangeal giant cell tumors were treated by en blo...

Clinical pathological characteristics correlation of

Du Juan, Liu Siying, Miao Lei, Yang Huijun, Li Jiayao et al. (12 authors)

Translational cancer research &middot; 2025-07-30

BACKGROUND: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) has been a common primary bone tumor with potential malignancy and local aggressiveness. H3F3A gene mutation has been gradually understood to be related with GCTB occurrence. However, the relationship between different mutation sites and tumor pathologi...

Establishment and characterization of two novel patient-derived cell lines from giant cell tumor of bone: NCC-GCTB11-C1 and NCC-GCTB12-C1.

Adachi Yuki, Ono Takuya, Noguchi Rei, Osaki Julia, Iwata Shuhei et al. (13 authors)

Human cell &middot; 2025-07-12

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is locally aggressive and rarely metastasizing mesenchymal tumor, molecularly characterized by the presence of H3-3A mutation. The management of GCTB is problematic because of local recurrence after curative surgical treatment, and complex biological and molecular ...

En bloc excision and customized prosthesis replacement for Campanacci III giant cell tumours of the distal radius: five cases report and a review of the literature.

Wan Ningjun, Wang Zhen, Xu Shaowei, Hao Bin

BMC musculoskeletal disorders &middot; 2025-07-04

BACKGROUND: Giant cell tumours of the distal radius are highly aggressive local bone tumours. En bloc resection of Campanacci grade III giant cell tumours of the distal radius has been promoted as a reliable method for achieving local control, associated with the dual problem of bone defect recon...

A New Relevant Integrated Radiologic and Surgical Classification Scheme for Giant Cell Tumors of Bones.

Chang Yu-Cherng, Pretell-Mazzini Juan, Temple H Thomas, Soler Roxana, Purrinos Julian et al. (8 authors)

Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research &amp; reviews &middot; 2025-07-01

INTRODUCTION: Conventional classification systems for giant cell tumors (GCTs) lack robust correlation with management and clinical outcomes. We propose a new radiologic classification system based on surgically relevant features to address this shortcoming. METHODS: This IRB-approved single-inst...

Methylation Analysis Reveals Epigenetic Congruence Between Bone Sarcomas With H3-3A Mutations and Malignant Giant Cell Tumors of Bone.

Saoud Carla, Benhamida Jamal, Borsu Laetitia, Villafania Liliana, Linos Konstantinos et al. (16 authors)

Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc &middot; 2025-07-01

Hotspot mutations in H3-3A gene are key drivers in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). Rare primary bone sarcomas also harbor this mutation, but their clinicopathologic characteristics and molecular profiles, as well as their relationship to conventional and malignant GCTB (MGCTB) and high-grade con...

Pulmonary metastasis of giant cell tumor of bone 29 years after local recurrence resection: implications for Long-Term surveillance.

Bai Qiushi, Chang Xiao, Zou Xiongfei, Zhang Baozhong

Discover oncology &middot; 2025-06-15

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary metastases of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) are rare and typically occur within several years of initial diagnosis or local recurrence. Here, we report a case with the longest documented interval-29 years-between the last local recurrence of GCTB and pulmonary metastasis, ...

The cytotoxic effect of quercetin-induced apoptosis on lung metastatic cells from giant cell tumor of bone.

Marure-Rojano Aarón Ernesto, Cano-García José Ricardo, Luna-Agulo Alexandra Berenice, Sánchez-Chapul Laura, Santos-Cuevas Clara Leticia et al. (11 authors)

Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France) &middot; 2025-05-26

The pulmonary parenchyma is the primary site of metastasis for giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone, a benign yet aggressive musculoskeletal tumor. Current treatments, including surgery and antibody therapy, are only partially effective and often lead to significant side effects. This study aimed to ev...

Balancing Tumor Control and Cartilage Preservation for Patients with Giant Cell Tumor of Bone Around the Knee: A Clinical Report from a Single Institute.

Chen Kuan-Lin, Chen Cheng-Fong, Wu Po-Kuei, Wang Pai-Han, Chen Tain-Hsiung et al. (7 authors)

The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume &middot; 2025-05-21

BACKGROUND: When managing aggressive giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) around the knee joint, surgeons are often caught in a dilemma when determining whether to perform marginal excision or intralesional curettage. The purpose of this study was to report the long-term results of different treatment...

Giant cell tumor of bone with late-onset lung metastasis and secondary osteosarcomatous transformation.

Ahuja Sana, Khan Adil Aziz, Kabra Apoorva, Zaheer Sufian

Indian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery &middot; 2025-04-01

This case report presents a rare occurrence of a primary giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone with subsequent metastasis to the lung, undergoing osteosarcomatous transformation, with a significant temporal gap of 10 years between the two tumor events. A 32-year-old male initially presented with a prima...

Molecular pathological insights into tumorigenesis and progression of giant cell tumor of bone.

Yao Yibing, Lee Victor Kwan Min, Chen Ee Sin

Journal of bone oncology &middot; 2025-04-01

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a primary bone tumor that typically exhibits benign histological appearance and clinical behavior in most cases, with local aggressiveness and rare metastasis. It predominantly affects individuals in the young adult age group. It is characterized by the presence...

Primary malignant giant cell tumor (PMGCT): Diagnosis and management challenges in low resource settings.

Prasad Roshan, Shukla Samarth, Acharya Sourya, Mittal Gaurav, Wanjari Mayur

Narra J &middot; 2025-04-01

Bone primary malignant giant cell tumor (PMGCT) cases are extremely rare, and the optimal management remains unclear. This case report details the diagnosis and successful management of PMGCT in a 45-year-old female presenting with left knee pain, swelling, and restricted movement for one year. A...

Immunohistochemical Characterization of Feline Giant Cell Tumor of Bone (GCTb): What We Know and What We Can Learn from the Human Counterpart.

Porcellato Ilaria, Giglia Giuseppe, Leonardi Leonardo

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI &middot; 2025-02-27

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTb), formerly also known as osteoclastoma, is a pathological entity that in veterinary medicine is still undefined and, probably, underdiagnosed. In humans, GCTb is recognized as a primary benign bone tumor, locally aggressive, with high local recurrence rates, with co...

En-bloc resection for spinal giant cell tumors: superior outcomes-a comprehensive meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.

Li Jilin, Zhang Xiaoming, Xiao Weiguo, Pu Zikun, Liu Changchun et al. (6 authors)

Neurosurgical review &middot; 2025-02-13

Spinal giant cell tumors (GCTs) management primarily involves surgical resection; however, the optimal surgical approach continues to be a subject of debate. This study aims to comprehensively compare the efficacy of en-bloc resection with that of control resection techniques, specifically intral...

Case Report: Malignant transformation of maxillary giant cell tumor of bone from EURACAN reference center.

Riva Federica, Vari Sabrina, Onesti Concetta Elisa, Covello Renato, Scuderi Silvia et al. (10 authors)

Frontiers in oncology &middot; 2025-01-01

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a benign but locally aggressive neoplasm that can rarely undergo malignant transformation, with a poor prognosis. The most frequent histotypes of the sarcomatous transformation of GCTB are osteosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, and...

Case Report: Giant cell lesions in the Maxillofacial region: diagnostic points and treatment strategies.

Gao Xiaohan, Wang Shuangyi, Zhan Xiaohong, Liu Yanshan, Chen Liqiang et al. (7 authors)

Frontiers in oncology &middot; 2025-01-01

OBJECTIVE: Giant cell-rich lesions in the maxillofacial region are relatively rare, and comprehensive clinical differential diagnostic protocols are currently lacking. This article aims to provide a reference for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of giant cell-rich lesions. METHODS: This study...

Rare Coexistence: Giant Cell Tumor Recurrence and Infection in the Proximal Tibia - A Case Report.

Roy Mainak, Reddy Harsha Vardhan, Bhikshavarthimath Suhas Aradhya, Dwidmuthe Samir Chandrakant, Tiwari Vivek

Journal of orthopaedic case reports &middot; 2025-01-01

INTRODUCTION: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) ranks among the most prevalent locally aggressive tumor lesions, displaying a diverse range of biological behaviors. Recurrence of GCTB is well-documented, often attributed to microscopic tumour remnants remaining after intralesional curettage, with i...

Recognition and Recurrence of Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Secondary to Giant Cell Tumor: A Case Series and Review Of The Literature.

Salduz Ahmet, Russell Michael D, Miller Benjamin J

The Iowa orthopaedic journal &middot; 2025-01-01

BACKGROUND: Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are rare, benign bone lesions with distinct genetic and pathological characteristics. Secondary ABCs arising from giant cell tumors (GCTs) are associated with higher recurrence rates compared to primary ABCs. This study aimed to evaluate recurrence rates a...

Giant Cell Tumor of the Proximal Fibula in a 15-year-old Female: A Review and Case Report.

Hashimoto Kazuhiko, Nishimura Shunji, Goto Koji

In vivo (Athens, Greece) &middot; 2025-01-01

BACKGROUND/AIM: Giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) is a locally-aggressive, benign tumor that typically affects young adults between 20 and 40 years old. CASE REPORT: A 15-year-old female presented to a primary care physician with pain in the lateral aspect of the left knee and was referred to o...

GIANT CELL TUMOR OF THE DISTAL RADIUS: FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LOCAL RECURRENCE.

Rabuske William Bernardo Specht, Ghert Michelle, Antunes Bruno Pereira, Galia Carlos Roberto, Pestilho Julie Francine Cerutti Santos et al. (12 authors)

Acta ortopedica brasileira &middot; 2025-01-01

OBJECTIVES: To assess patient and tumor characteristics and treatment outcomes, focusing on local recurrence rates based on treatment type. METHODS: This is a retrospective review of cases of GCTB of the distal radius, identified from the databases of 74 patients in Brazilian institutions special...

Diagnosis & Imaging 12

Keratin-positive giant cell-rich tumor with HMGA::NCOR2 fusion in a 4-year-old.

Lee Rachel S, Chen Wei, Eward William, Cao Joseph

Skeletal radiology &middot; 2026-03-01

Epiphyseal and metaphyseal bone lesions in pediatric patients are uncommon, and lesions that cross an open physis are even rarer. The differential diagnosis for such lesions consists of infection, giant cell tumor, and chondroblastoma. We describe a 4-year-old male patient who presented with a bo...

Mri-based habitat and peritumoral radiomics for predicting the proliferative activity of stromal cells in giant cell tumor of bone.

Xia Jie, Jiang Kunming, Zhou Jinyi, Cao Lei, Xiao Fan et al. (6 authors)

Journal of bone oncology &middot; 2026-02-01

PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the feasibility of MRI-based habitat and peritumoral radiomics for predicting the proliferative activity of stromal cells in giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 133 patients (102 in training cohort and 3...

Immunohistochemical analysis of immune checkpoint proteins (PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2) in giant cell granulomas of the jaws and giant cell tumor of bone.

Barros Elton Fernandes, de Medeiros Vanessa Alves, da Silveira Éricka Janine Dantas, Goulart Filho João Augusto Vianna, Alves Pollianna Muniz et al. (6 authors)

Archives of oral biology &middot; 2026-02-01

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immunoexpression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligands 1 (PD-L1) and 2 (PD-L2) in giant cell granulomas of the jaws (central giant cell granuloma [CGCG], peripheral giant cell granuloma [PGCG]) and giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB). D...

18 F-FDG PET/CT in a Giant Cell Tumor of Bone Masquerading as a Retroperitoneal Soft Tissue Sarcoma.

Dharmashaktu Yamini, Shamim Shamim A, Rastogi Sameer, Wakankar Ritwik, Barwad Adarsh

Clinical nuclear medicine &middot; 2026-02-01

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare, benign but locally aggressive neoplasm that typically arises in the epiphysis of long bones. GCTB occurrence in the axial skeleton is less common. Due to its variable radiological appearance and unusual location, GCTB can be misdiagnosed as a soft tissue...

H3-3A gene mutation analysis in giant cell tumor of bone and its histologic mimics: A single institutional study from India.

Uppin Shantveer G, Hui Monalisa, Thomas Derin Mary, Uppin Megha S, Nalla Vinay et al. (8 authors)

Annals of diagnostic pathology &middot; 2026-01-08

Though the diagnostic utility of H3.3G34W immunohistochemistry (IHC) for giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is well established, it is limited by a proportion of cases with variant H3-3A mutations [H3-3A: c.104G>T p. Gly35Val (G34V), H3-3A: c.103G>A p. Gly35Arg (G34R), H3-3A: c.103_104delinsCT p. Gl...

Neovascular prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression in bone and soft tissue sarcoma: a systematic analysis.

Spiridon Irene A, Ong Sheena L M, Soukup Jiri, Topirceanu-Andreoiu Oana-Maria, de Geus-Oei Lioe-Fee et al. (12 authors)

Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology &middot; 2025-12-01

Bone and soft tissue sarcomas are a highly heterogeneous group of rare cancers of mesenchymal origin. Treatment options other than surgery have limited efficacy due to low response rates with some exceptions. Radioligand therapy targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) may provide a no...

H3.3G34W immunohistochemistry negative giant cell tumour of bone. Extended analysis of 35 such cases from a single institution in India.

Uppin Shantveer G, Hui Monalisa, Thomas Derin Mary, Uppin Megha S, Rao K Nageshwara et al. (7 authors)

Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology &middot; 2025-11-06

Though anti-histone H3.3G34W antibody is highly sensitive to giant cell tumours of bone, a subset of tumours which are negative on immunohistochemistry harbours variant H3F3A mutations. In this study, the diagnostic utility of anti-histone H3.3G34V and R immunohistochemistry was assessed along wi...

Giant cell tumor of bone in the mandible presenting without typical histological features: a case report.

Oya Kaori, Kawamura Kouhei, Akiyama Ryou, Kiyokawa Hiroki, Uchihashi Toshihiro et al. (10 authors)

Journal of medical case reports &middot; 2025-10-21

BACKGROUND: Giant cell tumor of bone is a locally aggressive bone tumor characterized by the proliferation of round-to-oval mononuclear cells and uniformly distributed osteoclast-type giant cells. Giant cell tumor of bone typically arises in long bones, whereas craniofacial involvement is rare. A...

Clinical and imaging characteristics of giant cell tumor in patients aged 18 and below.

Zhao Songbo, Zhou Chenglong, Li Ruitao, Zhang Fantao, Ye Shengqiang et al. (9 authors)

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society &middot; 2025-08-01

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and imaging characteristics of giant cell tumors (GCT) in patients aged 18 and under. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed clinical and imaging data from 12 patients aged 18 and below with histopathologically confirmed GCT, treated at xxx hospital from...

Giant cell tumor of bone of temporal bone and skull base: report of 6 cases.

Xue Wei, Niu Juanqin, Chen Gang, He Yao, Du Xuesong et al. (6 authors)

Skeletal radiology &middot; 2025-06-01

OBJECTIVE: Five cases of giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) in the head and neck region were reported, with a main focus on the radiological findings to identify common characteristics for the diagnosis of GCTB in these sites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five consecutive patients diagnosed with GCTB were...

Role of H3F3A (H3G34W) antibody in the diagnosis of giant cell tumour of bone in the paediatric age group.

Zaidi Syeda Maria Ahmad, Nasim Muhammad Taha, Hassan Javerya, Din Nasir Ud

Pathology, research and practice &middot; 2025-05-01

Giant cell tumour of the bone (GCTB) occurring in paediatric patients is rare and may presents with atypical histology. Given that giant cell tumour mimics, such as osteosarcoma, are more prevalent in this demographic, diagnosing GCTB can often be challenging. This study aimed to investigate the ...

Case Report: Management of multiple brown tumors after kidney transplantation.

Sun Qingyi, Bai Yafei, Chen Ruman, Li Hong

Frontiers in endocrinology &middot; 2025-01-01

Brown tumor is usually caused by primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism but is exceptionally rare after kidney transplantation. Their rarity and atypical pathological features make diagnosis and treatment particularly challenging. We present a case of a 38-year-old woman with multiple brown tum...

Molecular Biology & Research 7

A microneedle platform Co-encapsulating chondral organoids and PpIX for spatiotemporally orchestrated tumor ablation and osteochondral regeneration.

Wang Jinpeng, Xu Yong, Zheng Axiu, Zhu Xinsheng, Tao Bo et al. (8 authors)

Bioactive materials &middot; 2026-02-01

Tumor-derived osteochondral defects (OCDs) pose significant clinical challenges, necessitating integrated strategies for local tumor ablation while preserving the regenerative niche and enabling coordinated cartilage and subchondral bone repair. Herein, we introduce a spatiotemporal microneedle (...

Giant Cell-Rich Tumors of Bone and Soft Tissue.

van der Linde Robert M, van IJzendoorn David G P, van de Rijn Matt, Bovée Judith V M G

Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc &middot; 2026-01-01

Many benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumors can contain giant cells in variable amounts. In some tumors, such as tenosynovial giant cell tumor and giant cell tumor of bone, these osteoclast-like giant cells are so prominent and characteristic that their presence has defined the entity. ...

Evaluation of CD3 and CD20 Lymphocytes and Mast Cells in the Microenvironment of Central Giant Cell Granuloma, Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma, and Giant Cell Tumor of Bone.

Fayaq Khelan A, Gharib Balkees T

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) &middot; 2025-12-26

Objective: Giant cell lesions (GCLs) share similar histopathologic features. The influence of immune involvement on the biology of giant cell lesions remains largely elusive. This study aimed to evaluate and compare lymphocyte and mast cell infiltration and distribution among three giant cell les...

Correction: Serglycin induces osteoclastogenesis and promotes tumor growth in giant cell tumor of bone.

He Yunfei, Cheng Dongdong, Lian Cheng, Liu Yingjie, Luo Wenqian et al. (20 authors)

Cell death &amp; disease &middot; 2025-09-05

Molecular evaluation of quercetin effects in a murine model of giant cell tumor of bone: an in vivo pilot study.

Monroy-Quiroz Dalia Lizbeth, Luna-Angulo Alexandra Berenice, Galicia-Canales Brandon Eduardo, Sánchez-Chapul Laura, Hernández-González Olivia et al. (12 authors)

Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France) &middot; 2025-07-30

Quercetin, a flavonoid derived from plant sources, has been extensively studied for its numerous biological properties, particularly its potential antitumor action against various malignant neoplasms. In our experience with a giant cell tumor of bone cell line (TIB-223), we demonstrated that quer...

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals metabolic remodeling and functional specialization in the immune microenvironment of bone tumors.

Chen Jun, Cui Na, He Shao-Hui, Xia Chun-Yan, Li Wei-Qing

Journal of translational medicine &middot; 2025-05-16

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the metabolic remodeling and functional specialization of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of bone tumors, including Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma, and giant cell tumor of bone, through high-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis. ...

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals key signaling pathways and biological functions in giant cell tumors of bone.

Lin Zuozhuan, Chen Zuoxi

Discover oncology &middot; 2025-04-19

BACKGROUND: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) represents a group of tumors that characterized by their heterogeneity and the presence of multiple cell types. It is essential to understand their molecular mechanisms for better designing therapeutic approaches. METHODS: We applied single cell RNA-seq...

Other 1

PSMA PET/CT for early treatment response assessment of RANKL inhibitor therapy in giant cell tumor of bone.

Zhang Wenjie, Shen Guohua

European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging &middot; 2025-08-01

Want to collaborate?

I'm always looking for researchers, clinicians, and advocates who want to work together on GCTB and rare disease outcomes.

Get in Touch